Monday, June 28, 2010
mobile Image Architecture
Top 10 Takeaways from the 2010 Content Strategy Forum
An Effective Content Strategy is Fundamental to Effective Content Marketing:
We hope you're a firm advocate in the value of content marketing. If so, you know how significant it is to bring relevant and valuable content to your most important current and potential customers. With that understanding, you are ahead of the game.However, it is vital to incorporate a content plan process so that you can deliver on the full promise of satisfied marketing.
Friday, June 25, 2010
UNITED KINGDOM
Newly installed Finance Minister Osborne is taking an historic gamble with the austerity package he has unveiled to whittle down the big fiscal shortfall. If the program achieves its ends, he will be a hero. But there is a distinct risk that it may slow the just-recovering economy to a crawl, perhaps throw it back into recession.
Education boosts the economy and jobs
An independent report has found the Australian Government's education, training and employment reforms could help support more than an additional 500,000 jobs a year and boost the economy by around $4,000 per person each year, on average, between 2010 and 2040.
The report bases its estimates on achieving the Government’s targets for improved learning and employment outcomes across all sectors of Australian society – from early childhood through to retirement.
Econtech modelled the impact on the economy and employment of achieving:
* outcomes from early childhood programs equivalent to international best practice;
* a Year 12 attainment rate of 90% by 2015;
* increasing the proportion of 25 to 34 year olds with a Bachelor degree or above to 40%
by 2025, and halving the proportion of 20-64 year olds without Certificate III or above;
* an increase in the Child Care Rebate from 30 per cent to 50 per cent from July 2008; and
* paid parental leave.
The report estimates that to 2040, the Australian Government’s early childhood reforms could generate up to an additional average annual gain to the economy of around $9.9 billion and an increase in employment of 1.1 per cent.
Econtech estimates that if we can lift the number of kids completing year 12 this could generate to 2040 an average increase of 0.4% to employment; and an additional average annual gain to the economy of around $11.3 billion.
Achieving higher education and vocational education targets could generate up to around an extra $50 billion output in the Australian economy every year on average for the next 30 years, or $1850 per person. Up to around 181,000 additional jobs could be generated each year on average over the period.
The modelling was done before the 2010-11 Budget but Econtech says the child care rebate changes should not have a material effect on its estimated GDP benefits. It estimated that the increase in the Child Care Rebate could result in around 23,500 more jobs each year on average to 2040.
Finally, Econtech’s analysis shows that the Australian Government’s fully funded 18-week maternity leave scheme could result in an additional 126,000 jobs each year on average to 2040 and an additional $1200 per person.
The Rudd Government has laid the foundations for a prosperous economy for all Australians through landmark reforms of our education system.
This report makes it clear that the Government’s goals will make a real difference not only to those Australians who benefit from better educational opportunities but also to the economy as a whole.
This report makes it clear that the Government’s goals will make a real difference not only to those Australians who benefit from better educational opportunities but also to the economy as a whole.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Clothing Maker Irks Vancouver Organizers with Faux Olympic Marketing
Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions.
Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level . Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (now enter higher education at some time in their lives.
Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
Bulls agree to trade Hinrich to Wiz
The Chicago Bulls agreed to trade veteran guard Kirk Hinrich and the 17th pick in the draft to the Washington Wizards on Thursday, freeing up more salary-cap space, a person familiar with the situation said.
The Bulls will receive a future second-round pick in the deal, which gives them enough room to go after two high-profile free agents.
he Bulls have an all-star point guard in Derrick Rose and are looking for more after back-to-back 41-win seasons that ended with first-round playoff losses. They fired coach Vinny Del Negro and replaced him with longtime NBA assistant Tom Thibodeau, the mastermind behind a dominant defence that helped Boston reach the NBA finals two of the past three years.
The longest tenured active Bulls player, Hinrich has averaged 13.4 points in seven seasons and was John Paxson's first draft pick as general manager in 2003.
Friday, December 11, 2009
Patriots Need to Concentrate on Running Game in 2010
Bill Belichick as the head coach, the Patriots have always been a team about matchups. On both sides of the ball, they always manage to adapt their game plan in the attempt to exploit their opponent's weaknesses.
The NFL is a passing league, and any team with Tom Brady should be a passing team. But New England's passing attack was inconsistent in 2009, and the team actually performed better when there was a conscious decision to keep the ball in the hands of its five running backs.
The Patriots were 3-0 last season when they had more rush attempts than pass attempts (including sacks), and all three of those games came from Weeks 14-16, when the weather deteriorated and the Pats were forced to rely on the run.
Tom Brady be better in the fourth quarter
Tuesday, December 08, 2009
Vitamin D Reduces Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Supplements and Vitamins numerous studies of MS have shown a correlation between disease frequency and geographic location, with the general rule being that as a person gets further away from the equator, their MS risk rises. This has often been reduced to sun exposure, with one of the more obvious implications being that sunlight causes the body to create Vitamin D and therefore Vitamin D just might have a protective affect against MS.A new study released yesterday provides compelling statistics behind that claim, saying in short that Vitamin D seems to reduce the risk of developing MS in Caucasians.. While the study does not make any claims about people who already have MS benefiting from Vitamin D supplementation.
Tuesday, December 01, 2009
MS Walking Improvement Drug Gets FDA Help
Fampridine-SRMost of the MS therapies in the drug development pipeline, or even available today, are targeted at reducing relapses and decreasing disability progression.
It makes Acorda Therapeutics Fampridine-SR quite interesting. In Phase III trials, it is targeted specifically at one particularly onerous aspect of the MS burden impact on walking ability.
Acorda and the United States Food and Drug Administration recently reached an agreement on a pathway to getting Fampridine approved for this indication. In addition to a Phase III trial currently underway, Acorda will work with the FDA''s Special Protocol Assessment to ensure their trial design proves that individuals treated with Fampridine-SR are significantly more likely to have consistent improvements in their walking than those treated with placebo...
Friday, November 27, 2009
UN agency censures Iran over nuclear program
The board of the International Atomic Energy Agency voted on Friday to censure Iran for pursuing its uranium-enrichment program.Diplomats inside the meeting of the UN's nuclear watchdog said 25 of the 34 board nations present voted for a resolution criticizing Iran for its defiant pursuit of its nuclear program. Three members voted against the resolution and another six abstained, according to reports from inside the meeting.
All six countries involved in the negotiations with Iran in the fall the United States, Russia, China, Britain, France and Germany backed the resolution.
Iran agreed to allow the inspectors, but balked at a UN-proposed plan to ship its available supply of enriched uranium to Russia for further enrichment, and have it returned in a form that could be used for civilian purposes but not for weapons.
Thursday, November 26, 2009
Unified Communications Market
Integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the world of electronics.
A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of entity semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.
Unified Communications, merging IP telephony, conferencing and teamwork, messaging and other forms of integrated information exchange, are on a steeply rising curve of adoption in the enterprise According to a new ABI Research study, the market dimension was just $302 million in 2008, but will rise quickly to nearly $4.2 billion in 2014.However this market is far from colossal.
Monday, November 16, 2009
Rupee up 20 paise at 46.11 a dollar
The Indian rupee today strengthened by 20 paise to 46.11 against the US currency in early trade, extending gains for the second straight day on expectations of more capital inflows and dollar selling by exporters.
Dollar's losses against other Asian currencies too helped the Indian rupee.
At the Interbank Foreign Exchange , the local unit appreciated by 20 paise to 46.11 a dollar. The rupee had ended 34 paise higher at 46.31/32 in the previous session on Friday.
Forex dealers said expectations of increased capital inflows into domestic equities by foreign funds which may open higher in tandem with other Asian markets and dollar's weakness against other currencies, mainly supported the Indian rupee.
Meanwhile, the benchmark Sensex had gained 152.80 points in the last session.
Friday, November 13, 2009
Infosys and NVIDIA Announce Technology Partnership
Software giant Infosys Technologies and US based NVIDIA, GPU inventor and world's visual technologies giant, have enter into a partnership to develop NVIDIA CUDA based software solutions, as a first step to which would be the set-up of the Infosys- NVIDIA Technology center at the Infosys campus.The CUDA technology is being view as the next big uprising in the technology sector, looking to lend a new meaning to high performance computing. The software has been calculated to help developers of various applications to tap into the previously new power of the GPU. This could lead to a new high in performance levels of certain applications.
"CUDA could multiply by fifty times the potential of a computer and reduce run time to the advantage of user enterprises", shared NVIDIA co-founder and CEO Jen-Hsun Huang.
Santa Clara-headquartered, NVIDIA currently has design centers in Pune, Hyderabad and Bangalore. With the partnership, Infosys is looking to make things easier for its customers, all the while finding ways to increase the company's existing proficiency and IPS in grid computing and parallel computing.
Friday, November 06, 2009
Incredibly Affordable and Powerful Optimization SEO Services For Your SEO
Businesses looking to develop search engine optimisation (SEO) strategies have been advised that their first consideration should be to "understand the vocabulary" of their website users.According to Murray Etheridge, from Canadian web marketing and development firm ISL, organisations need to be able to understand how potential customers would describe their products or services.
In his column for the Moncton Times and Transcript, the industry expert said that this initial process may help with developing keywords for SEO, as companies will be able to use those that are most likely to drive traffic to their sites.
"Every page on your site has the potential to be optimised and attract traffic," he explained. "Deeper pages are often easier to optimise as the content is more niche and focused in nature."
Last week, a survey published by Econsultancy and Guava - The UK Search Engine Marketing Benchmark Report 2009 - revealed that 48 per cent of businesses saw SEO return on investment increase in the last 12 months.
Wednesday, November 04, 2009
NY Joins the Antitrust Effort Against Intel
New York's attorney general hit Intel Corp. with an antitrust lawsuit Wednesday, claiming the company used "illegal threats and collusion" to dominate the market for computer microprocessors.Following a similar case in Europe, Attorney General Andrew Cuomo claimed that the world's biggest computer chip maker paid billions of dollars in kickbacks to computer manufacturers and retaliated against those that did too much business with Intel's competitors, namely Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
Intel used its market prowess to "rule with an iron fist," Cuomo said.
"Rather than compete fairly, Intel used bribery and coercion to maintain a stranglehold on the market," Cuomo said in a written statement. "Intel's actions not only unfairly restricted potential competitors, but also hurt average consumers who were robbed of better products and lower prices."
An Intel spokesman, Chuck Mulloy, denied the charges and said the company's sales practices were legitimate.
Monday, February 25, 2008
Mars
Mars (pronounced /'m?rz/) is the fourth planet from the Sun in the planetary System. The planet is name after Mars, the Roman god of war. It is also named as the "Red Planet" because of its reddish form as seen from Earth.
Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features suggestive both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. It is the site of Olympus Moons, the highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valleys Mariners, the largest canyon. In addition to its geographical features, Mars’ rotational period and seasonal cycles are likewise alike to those of Earth.
Until the first flyby of Mars by Mariner 4 in 1965, it was speculate that there might be liquid water on the planet's surface. This was based on observations of periodic variation in light and dark patches, mainly in the polar latitudes, which looked like seas and continents, while long, dark striations were interpreted by some observer as irrigation channels for liquid water. These straight line features were later proven not to exist and were instead explain as optical illusions. Still, of all the planets in our Solar System further than Earth, Mars is the most likely to harbor liquid water, and perhaps life.
Mars (pronounced /'m?rz/) is the fourth planet from the Sun in the planetary System. The planet is name after Mars, the Roman god of war. It is also named as the "Red Planet" because of its reddish form as seen from Earth.
Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features suggestive both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. It is the site of Olympus Moons, the highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valleys Mariners, the largest canyon. In addition to its geographical features, Mars’ rotational period and seasonal cycles are likewise alike to those of Earth.
Until the first flyby of Mars by Mariner 4 in 1965, it was speculate that there might be liquid water on the planet's surface. This was based on observations of periodic variation in light and dark patches, mainly in the polar latitudes, which looked like seas and continents, while long, dark striations were interpreted by some observer as irrigation channels for liquid water. These straight line features were later proven not to exist and were instead explain as optical illusions. Still, of all the planets in our Solar System further than Earth, Mars is the most likely to harbor liquid water, and perhaps life.
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Apple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, variety Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most extensively cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 5–12 m tall, with a broad, often thickly twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately set in simple ovals 5–12 cm long and 3–6 cm broad on a 2–5 cm petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Flowers are produced in spring immediate with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that steadily fades five petaled, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is classically 5–9 cm diameter. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels given in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
The tree originated from Asia, where its wild forebear is still found today. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples ensuing in range of desired characteristics. It should be noted however, that cultivars vary in their yield and the definitive size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, variety Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most extensively cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 5–12 m tall, with a broad, often thickly twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately set in simple ovals 5–12 cm long and 3–6 cm broad on a 2–5 cm petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Flowers are produced in spring immediate with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that steadily fades five petaled, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is classically 5–9 cm diameter. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels given in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
The tree originated from Asia, where its wild forebear is still found today. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples ensuing in range of desired characteristics. It should be noted however, that cultivars vary in their yield and the definitive size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.
Monday, February 11, 2008
Building
Buildings provide numerous needs of society. The human body can be continued and may effectively function only within a limited range of climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, moisture, sunlight, and amount of oxygen and pollutants in the air. Along with access to food and drinking water, the need to make places that are protected from the outdoors and where one can happily live, work, eat, sleep, have children or engage in leisurely activities has always been a top concern for humans.
A building as a security represents a physical division of the human habitat into the inside (a place of comfort and safety) and the outside (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Humans have a strange drive to reproduce on their lives and express themselves through art. Ever since the first cave paintings, the buildings and everything on, inside and near buildings have become objects of creative expression. In recent years, attention on sustainable planning and building practices has improved in the U.S.
Buildings provide numerous needs of society. The human body can be continued and may effectively function only within a limited range of climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, moisture, sunlight, and amount of oxygen and pollutants in the air. Along with access to food and drinking water, the need to make places that are protected from the outdoors and where one can happily live, work, eat, sleep, have children or engage in leisurely activities has always been a top concern for humans.
A building as a security represents a physical division of the human habitat into the inside (a place of comfort and safety) and the outside (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Humans have a strange drive to reproduce on their lives and express themselves through art. Ever since the first cave paintings, the buildings and everything on, inside and near buildings have become objects of creative expression. In recent years, attention on sustainable planning and building practices has improved in the U.S.
Monday, February 04, 2008
Tomato
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, as are its secure cousin’s tobacco, chili peppers, potato, and eggplant. The tomato is topic to Central, South, and southern North America from Mexico to Peru. It is a perennial, often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual, classically attainment to 1–3 m (3 to 10 ft) in height, with a weak, woody stem that often vines over other plants.
The leaves are 10–25 cm long, pinnate, with 5–9 leaflets, each leaflet up to 8 cm long, with a pointy margin; both the stem and leaves are thickly glandular-hairy. The flowers are 1–2 cm across, yellow, with five sharp lobes on the corolla; they are bear in a cyme of 3–12 together. The word tomato derives from an appearance in the Nahuatl language, tomatl. The exact name, lycopersicum, means "wolf-peach" evaluate the related species S. lycocarpum, whose scientific name means "wolf-fruit", common name "wolf-apple".
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, as are its secure cousin’s tobacco, chili peppers, potato, and eggplant. The tomato is topic to Central, South, and southern North America from Mexico to Peru. It is a perennial, often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual, classically attainment to 1–3 m (3 to 10 ft) in height, with a weak, woody stem that often vines over other plants.
The leaves are 10–25 cm long, pinnate, with 5–9 leaflets, each leaflet up to 8 cm long, with a pointy margin; both the stem and leaves are thickly glandular-hairy. The flowers are 1–2 cm across, yellow, with five sharp lobes on the corolla; they are bear in a cyme of 3–12 together. The word tomato derives from an appearance in the Nahuatl language, tomatl. The exact name, lycopersicum, means "wolf-peach" evaluate the related species S. lycocarpum, whose scientific name means "wolf-fruit", common name "wolf-apple".
Monday, January 28, 2008
Screen-printing
Screen-printing, silk-screening, or serigraphy is a printmaking system that creates a sharp-edged image using a stencil. A screen-print or serigraph is an image shaped using this technique.
It started as an industrial technology, and was adopt by American graphic artists in the early 1900s. It is currently popular both in fine arts and in commercial printing, where it is generally used to print images on T-shirts, hats, CDs, DVDs, ceramics, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, paper, metals, and wood. The Printer's National Environmental Assistance Center says "Screen printing is possibly the most adaptable of all printing processes." Since rudimentary screen-printing materials are so affordable and readily available, it has been used normally in underground settings and subcultures, and the non-professional look of such DIY culture screen prints has become a significant cultural aesthetic seen on movie posters, record album covers, flyers, shirts, commercial fonts in advertising, and elsewhere.
Screen-printing, silk-screening, or serigraphy is a printmaking system that creates a sharp-edged image using a stencil. A screen-print or serigraph is an image shaped using this technique.
It started as an industrial technology, and was adopt by American graphic artists in the early 1900s. It is currently popular both in fine arts and in commercial printing, where it is generally used to print images on T-shirts, hats, CDs, DVDs, ceramics, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, paper, metals, and wood. The Printer's National Environmental Assistance Center says "Screen printing is possibly the most adaptable of all printing processes." Since rudimentary screen-printing materials are so affordable and readily available, it has been used normally in underground settings and subcultures, and the non-professional look of such DIY culture screen prints has become a significant cultural aesthetic seen on movie posters, record album covers, flyers, shirts, commercial fonts in advertising, and elsewhere.
Monday, January 21, 2008
Tajmahal
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum situated in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor ShahJahan commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Building began in 1632 and was completed in 1648. Some argument surrounds the question of who designed the Taj; it is clear a team of designers and craftsmen were in charge for the design, with Ustad Isa carefully the most likely candidate as the main designer.
The Taj Mahal sometimes called "the Taj is generally known as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most memorable part of the monument, the Taj Mahal is actually an included complex of structures. It was planned as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 when it was described as universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum situated in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor ShahJahan commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Building began in 1632 and was completed in 1648. Some argument surrounds the question of who designed the Taj; it is clear a team of designers and craftsmen were in charge for the design, with Ustad Isa carefully the most likely candidate as the main designer.
The Taj Mahal sometimes called "the Taj is generally known as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most memorable part of the monument, the Taj Mahal is actually an included complex of structures. It was planned as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 when it was described as universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
Wednesday, January 16, 2008
Players
A team consists of eleven players Depending on his or her primary skills; a player may be classifying as an expert batsman or bowler. A balanced team frequently has five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers. Teams nearly always take in a specialist wicket-keeper because of the importance of this fielding position. Each team is headed by a captain, who is responsible for making planned decisions such as formative the batting order, the placement of fielders and the rotation of bowlers.
A player who excels in mutually batting and bowling is known as an all-rounder. One who excels as a batsman and wicket-keeper is known as a "wicket-keeper/batsman", every so often regarded as a type of all-rounder. True all-rounder is rare; most players focus on either batting or bowling skills.
A team consists of eleven players Depending on his or her primary skills; a player may be classifying as an expert batsman or bowler. A balanced team frequently has five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers. Teams nearly always take in a specialist wicket-keeper because of the importance of this fielding position. Each team is headed by a captain, who is responsible for making planned decisions such as formative the batting order, the placement of fielders and the rotation of bowlers.
A player who excels in mutually batting and bowling is known as an all-rounder. One who excels as a batsman and wicket-keeper is known as a "wicket-keeper/batsman", every so often regarded as a type of all-rounder. True all-rounder is rare; most players focus on either batting or bowling skills.
Monday, January 07, 2008
Types of Fashion
Haute Couture The type of fashion design which predominated until the 1950s was "made-to-measure" or haute couture. A couture garment is made for an individual customer. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make. Mass Market these days the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. This caters for a broad range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes. Ready-to-Wear clothes are a cross between couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but vast care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to promise exclusivity, so they are rather costly.
Haute Couture The type of fashion design which predominated until the 1950s was "made-to-measure" or haute couture. A couture garment is made for an individual customer. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make. Mass Market these days the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. This caters for a broad range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes. Ready-to-Wear clothes are a cross between couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but vast care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to promise exclusivity, so they are rather costly.
Thursday, January 03, 2008
Semantics
Semantics contrast with syntax, which is the study of the arrangement of sign systems (focusing on the form, not meaning). When analyzing languages, an analysis can be said to cover both the "syntax and semantics" relating to both the format and meanings of phrases in a language. The term semantics can be relevant not only to natural languages, such as English, German or Latin, but also to technical languages, such as a computer programming language.
Semantics contrast with syntax, which is the study of the arrangement of sign systems (focusing on the form, not meaning). When analyzing languages, an analysis can be said to cover both the "syntax and semantics" relating to both the format and meanings of phrases in a language. The term semantics can be relevant not only to natural languages, such as English, German or Latin, but also to technical languages, such as a computer programming language.
Friday, December 28, 2007
Cast iron
Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon. It is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulfur. Carbon and silicon content are reduced to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2% to 3.5% for carbon and 1% to 3% for silicon depending on the application. Other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by casting.
Iron is most commonly melted in a small blast furnace known as a cupola. After melting is complete, the molten iron is removed or ladled from the forehearth of the blast furnace. This process is thought to have been devised by the late 18th century ironmaster John Wilkinson, whose innovative ideas revolutionized the field of metallurgy. Previously, iron was melted in an air furnace, which is a type of reverberatory furnace.
Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon. It is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulfur. Carbon and silicon content are reduced to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2% to 3.5% for carbon and 1% to 3% for silicon depending on the application. Other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by casting.
Iron is most commonly melted in a small blast furnace known as a cupola. After melting is complete, the molten iron is removed or ladled from the forehearth of the blast furnace. This process is thought to have been devised by the late 18th century ironmaster John Wilkinson, whose innovative ideas revolutionized the field of metallurgy. Previously, iron was melted in an air furnace, which is a type of reverberatory furnace.
Monday, December 17, 2007
Bond
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the certified issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon) at a later date, termed maturity. Other conditions may also be attached to the bond issue, such as the obligation for the issuer to provide certain information to the bond holder, or limits on the behavior of the issuer. Bonds are usually issued for a fixed term more than ten years, U.S. Treasury securities issue debt with life of ten years or more, which is a bond, and New debt between one year and ten years is a "note", and new debt less than a year is a "bill".
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the certified issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest (the coupon) at a later date, termed maturity. Other conditions may also be attached to the bond issue, such as the obligation for the issuer to provide certain information to the bond holder, or limits on the behavior of the issuer. Bonds are usually issued for a fixed term more than ten years, U.S. Treasury securities issue debt with life of ten years or more, which is a bond, and New debt between one year and ten years is a "note", and new debt less than a year is a "bill".
Sunday, December 02, 2007
Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was one of the well known French scientists and was a chief government official. His theories of combustion, his growth of a way to categorize the fundamentals and the first new textbook of chemistry led to his being known as the father of modern chemistry. He contribute too much of investigate in the field of chemistry. He is quote for saying, nothing is lost, nothing is created, and everything is distorted. He bore in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. When he was eleven years old he attends a college called Mazain, For Lavoisier's last two years in college he creates a massive deal of attention in science.
He received an excellent teaching and developed an attention in all branches of science, particularly chemistry. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill trained Lavoisier regarding meteorological examination. On 1763 Lavoisier anticipated his bachelor's degree and on 1764 a licentiate which allowed him to practice his profession. In his extra time he studied books of science and his first paper was written about gypsum, also familiar by hydrated calcium sulfate and he describes its chemical and physical property.
Antoine Lavoisier was one of the well known French scientists and was a chief government official. His theories of combustion, his growth of a way to categorize the fundamentals and the first new textbook of chemistry led to his being known as the father of modern chemistry. He contribute too much of investigate in the field of chemistry. He is quote for saying, nothing is lost, nothing is created, and everything is distorted. He bore in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. When he was eleven years old he attends a college called Mazain, For Lavoisier's last two years in college he creates a massive deal of attention in science.
He received an excellent teaching and developed an attention in all branches of science, particularly chemistry. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill trained Lavoisier regarding meteorological examination. On 1763 Lavoisier anticipated his bachelor's degree and on 1764 a licentiate which allowed him to practice his profession. In his extra time he studied books of science and his first paper was written about gypsum, also familiar by hydrated calcium sulfate and he describes its chemical and physical property.
Sunday, October 28, 2007
Metabolism
Metabolism is the total set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the source of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments. Metabolism is frequently divided into two categories. Catabolic reactions yield energy, an example being the stop working of food in cellular respiration. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, use this energy to construct mechanism of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is distorted into another by a series of enzymes. Enzymes are vital to metabolism because they allow cells to drive desirable but thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by combination them to favorable ones. Enzymes also agree to the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.
Metabolism is the total set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the source of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments. Metabolism is frequently divided into two categories. Catabolic reactions yield energy, an example being the stop working of food in cellular respiration. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, use this energy to construct mechanism of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is distorted into another by a series of enzymes. Enzymes are vital to metabolism because they allow cells to drive desirable but thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by combination them to favorable ones. Enzymes also agree to the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.
Friday, October 05, 2007
Accounting
A firm which export and import products are calls merchandise. This is also a method for the merchandising business to earn their profit. Merchandising businesses are dissimilar from service businesses. Merchandising business have goods on hand and resell to customers, it is called inventory. However, inventory is recorded day to day under periodic or everlasting methods. Further, very businesses dealings involved the Goods and Service Tax. This essay is set out to explore the operation of merchandising business, the two methods which utilize to record inventory transactions and the application of Goods and Service Tax.
In merchandising businesses stock on hand, which is also called inventory, stock in trade or stock, is a very important asset. Thus, it is necessary to keep the inventory safe from damage, decline and theft. This requires the structure of storage areas and the employment of person’s expert in handling inventories.
A firm which export and import products are calls merchandise. This is also a method for the merchandising business to earn their profit. Merchandising businesses are dissimilar from service businesses. Merchandising business have goods on hand and resell to customers, it is called inventory. However, inventory is recorded day to day under periodic or everlasting methods. Further, very businesses dealings involved the Goods and Service Tax. This essay is set out to explore the operation of merchandising business, the two methods which utilize to record inventory transactions and the application of Goods and Service Tax.
In merchandising businesses stock on hand, which is also called inventory, stock in trade or stock, is a very important asset. Thus, it is necessary to keep the inventory safe from damage, decline and theft. This requires the structure of storage areas and the employment of person’s expert in handling inventories.
Monday, September 24, 2007
Types of software
Practical computer systems partition software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the division is subjective, and often blurred.
* System software is one of the major class helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes working systems, device drivers, analytical tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The intention of systems software is to protect the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of theexacting computer complex being use, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory procedure as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.
* Programming software usually provide tools to support a programmer in writing computer programs and software with different programming languages in a more suitable way.The tools comprise text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on, An incorporated development environment merge those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type various command for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE typically has an sophisticated graphical user interface, or GUI.
* Application software allows humans to complete one or more explicit tasks. typical applications include manufacturingautomation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases and computer games. Businesses are possibly the biggest users of application software, but approximately every field of human action now uses some form of application software. It is used tocomputerizeall sorts of functions.
Practical computer systems partition software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the division is subjective, and often blurred.
* System software is one of the major class helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes working systems, device drivers, analytical tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The intention of systems software is to protect the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of theexacting computer complex being use, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory procedure as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.
* Programming software usually provide tools to support a programmer in writing computer programs and software with different programming languages in a more suitable way.The tools comprise text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on, An incorporated development environment merge those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type various command for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE typically has an sophisticated graphical user interface, or GUI.
* Application software allows humans to complete one or more explicit tasks. typical applications include manufacturingautomation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases and computer games. Businesses are possibly the biggest users of application software, but approximately every field of human action now uses some form of application software. It is used tocomputerizeall sorts of functions.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Mobile phone culture or customs
In fewer than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones. In the
Sunday, September 02, 2007
Orange
Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo and tangerine. It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulated margins and 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is hesperidia, a type of berry.
Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo and tangerine. It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulated margins and 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is hesperidia, a type of berry.
Sunday, August 26, 2007
Electron microscopes
Electron microscopes, which use beams of electrons as a substitute of light, are designed for very high magnification usage. Electrons, which have a much smaller wavelength than visible light, allow a much higher resolution. The main limitation of the electron beam is that it must pass through a vacuum as air molecules would otherwise scatter the beam.
Electron microscopes, which use beams of electrons as a substitute of light, are designed for very high magnification usage. Electrons, which have a much smaller wavelength than visible light, allow a much higher resolution. The main limitation of the electron beam is that it must pass through a vacuum as air molecules would otherwise scatter the beam.
Sunday, August 19, 2007
Persian orange
The Persian orange, grown-up widely in southern Europe after its introduction to Italy in the 11th century, was bitter. Sweet oranges bring to Europe in the 15th century from India by Portuguese traders, rapidly displaced the bitter, and are now the most common variety of orange cultivated. The sweet orange will grow to different sizes and colors according to local conditions, most commonly with ten carpel’s, or segments, inside.
The Persian orange, grown-up widely in southern Europe after its introduction to Italy in the 11th century, was bitter. Sweet oranges bring to Europe in the 15th century from India by Portuguese traders, rapidly displaced the bitter, and are now the most common variety of orange cultivated. The sweet orange will grow to different sizes and colors according to local conditions, most commonly with ten carpel’s, or segments, inside.
Sunday, August 12, 2007
Solstice
A solstice occur twice a year, whenever Earth's axis tilts the most toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to be farthest north or south at noon. The name is derivative from Latin sol (sun) and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstice, the Sun stands still in declination, that is, its movement north or south is minimal. The term solstice can also be used in a wider sense as the date (day) that such a passage happens. The solstices, together with the equinoxes, are related to the seasons. In some languages they are considered to start or separate the seasons; in others they are considered to be center points.
A solstice occur twice a year, whenever Earth's axis tilts the most toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to be farthest north or south at noon. The name is derivative from Latin sol (sun) and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstice, the Sun stands still in declination, that is, its movement north or south is minimal. The term solstice can also be used in a wider sense as the date (day) that such a passage happens. The solstices, together with the equinoxes, are related to the seasons. In some languages they are considered to start or separate the seasons; in others they are considered to be center points.
Friday, August 03, 2007
Pedestrian crossings
Pedestrians must often traverse from one side of a road to the other, and in doing so may come into the way of vehicles traveling on the road. In many places pedestrians are completely left to look after themselves, that is, they must observe the road and cross when they can see that no traffic will threaten them. Busier cities usually provide pedestrian crossings, which are strips of the road where pedestrians are expected to traverse.
Pedestrians must often traverse from one side of a road to the other, and in doing so may come into the way of vehicles traveling on the road. In many places pedestrians are completely left to look after themselves, that is, they must observe the road and cross when they can see that no traffic will threaten them. Busier cities usually provide pedestrian crossings, which are strips of the road where pedestrians are expected to traverse.
Wednesday, July 25, 2007
Apple Computer
Apple Computer, Inc. NASDAQ: AAPL is a Silicon Valley company based in Cupertino, California, whose nucleus business is computer technologies. Apple helped originate the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II microcomputer and has since further shaped it with the Macintosh. Apple is known for its original, well-designed hardware, such as the iPod and iMac, as well as software offerings exemplified through iTunes as part of the iLife suite and Mac OS X, its flagship operating system.
Apple Computer, Inc. NASDAQ: AAPL is a Silicon Valley company based in Cupertino, California, whose nucleus business is computer technologies. Apple helped originate the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II microcomputer and has since further shaped it with the Macintosh. Apple is known for its original, well-designed hardware, such as the iPod and iMac, as well as software offerings exemplified through iTunes as part of the iLife suite and Mac OS X, its flagship operating system.
Sunday, July 15, 2007
Krill fishery
Krill fishery is the profitable fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tones of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tones annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) and North Pacific krill (E. Pacifica).
Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superb). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrates, nucleases and phospholipids, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothoraxes of the krill.
Krill fishery is the profitable fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tones of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tones annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) and North Pacific krill (E. Pacifica).
Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superb). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrates, nucleases and phospholipids, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothoraxes of the krill.
Tuesday, July 10, 2007
Time server
A time server is a server computer that reads the actual time from a orientation clock and distributes this information to its clients using a computer network. The time server may be a local network time server or an internet time server. The majority important and widely-used protocol for distributing and synchronizing time is the Network Time Protocol, though other less-popular or outdated time protocols continue in use. The time reference used by a time server could be another time server on the network or the Internet, a connected radio clock or an atomic clock. The most common true time source is a GPS or GPS master clock. Time servers are sometimes multi-purpose network servers, dedicated network servers, or dedicated devices. All a dedicated time server does is provide accurate time.
A time server is a server computer that reads the actual time from a orientation clock and distributes this information to its clients using a computer network. The time server may be a local network time server or an internet time server. The majority important and widely-used protocol for distributing and synchronizing time is the Network Time Protocol, though other less-popular or outdated time protocols continue in use. The time reference used by a time server could be another time server on the network or the Internet, a connected radio clock or an atomic clock. The most common true time source is a GPS or GPS master clock. Time servers are sometimes multi-purpose network servers, dedicated network servers, or dedicated devices. All a dedicated time server does is provide accurate time.
Monday, July 02, 2007
MS-DOS
MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system commercialized by Microsoft. It was the commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems and was the dominant operating system for the PC compatible platform during the 1980s. It has gradually been replaced on consumer desktop computers by a variety of generations of the Windows operating system.
MS-DOS was initially released in 1981 and had eight major versions released before Microsoft stopped development in 2000. It was the key product in Microsoft's growth from a programming languages company to varied software development firm, providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources.
MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system commercialized by Microsoft. It was the commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems and was the dominant operating system for the PC compatible platform during the 1980s. It has gradually been replaced on consumer desktop computers by a variety of generations of the Windows operating system.
MS-DOS was initially released in 1981 and had eight major versions released before Microsoft stopped development in 2000. It was the key product in Microsoft's growth from a programming languages company to varied software development firm, providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources.
Friday, June 29, 2007
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation is a fables semiconductor company scheming network and embedded Power Architecture, optical transport and storage solutions. They bought assets, IP and engineers concerning the PowerPC 400 microprocessors from IBM in 2004 for $227 million and they now market the processors under their own name. The deal also included access to IBM's SoC design methodology and advanced CMOS process technology.
3ware is a producer of RAID controllers and storage products. Founded as an self-governing company in 1997, it was acquired by AMCC in April 2004.This division has usually been focused on SATA and PATA RAID devices. They were one of the pioneers in implementing "multi-lane" cabling for RAID systems which greatly reduced cable difficulty in systems with many hard drives.
Applied Micro Circuits Corporation is a fables semiconductor company scheming network and embedded Power Architecture, optical transport and storage solutions. They bought assets, IP and engineers concerning the PowerPC 400 microprocessors from IBM in 2004 for $227 million and they now market the processors under their own name. The deal also included access to IBM's SoC design methodology and advanced CMOS process technology.
3ware is a producer of RAID controllers and storage products. Founded as an self-governing company in 1997, it was acquired by AMCC in April 2004.This division has usually been focused on SATA and PATA RAID devices. They were one of the pioneers in implementing "multi-lane" cabling for RAID systems which greatly reduced cable difficulty in systems with many hard drives.
Sunday, June 24, 2007
Shrimp fishery
A shrimp fishery is a fishery directed toward harvesting either shrimp or prawns. Fisheries do not usually differentiate between the two taxa, and the terms are used interchangeably. This article therefore refers to the catching of either shrimp or prawns.
A number of the larger species, including the Atlantic white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), are caught commercially and used for food. Recipes utilizing shrimp form part of the cuisine of many cultures: examples include jambalaya, okonomiyaki, poon choi, bagoong, Kerala and scampi.
Preparing shrimp for consumption usually involves removing the shell, tail, and "sand vein". As with other seafood, shrimp is high in calcium, protein and low in food energy.
Shrimp and prawns are versatile ingredients, and are often used as an accompaniment to fried rice. Common methods of preparation comprise baking, boiling and frying. As stated in the movie Forrest Gump
A shrimp fishery is a fishery directed toward harvesting either shrimp or prawns. Fisheries do not usually differentiate between the two taxa, and the terms are used interchangeably. This article therefore refers to the catching of either shrimp or prawns.
A number of the larger species, including the Atlantic white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), are caught commercially and used for food. Recipes utilizing shrimp form part of the cuisine of many cultures: examples include jambalaya, okonomiyaki, poon choi, bagoong, Kerala and scampi.
Preparing shrimp for consumption usually involves removing the shell, tail, and "sand vein". As with other seafood, shrimp is high in calcium, protein and low in food energy.
Shrimp and prawns are versatile ingredients, and are often used as an accompaniment to fried rice. Common methods of preparation comprise baking, boiling and frying. As stated in the movie Forrest Gump
Tuesday, June 19, 2007
Grafting
Grafting is a method of plant propagation extensively used in horticulture, where the tissues of one plant are encouraged to fuse with those of another. It is most usually used for the propagation of trees and shrubs grown commercially. In most cases, one plant is chosen for its roots, and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is chosen for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion.In stem grafting, a common grafting method, a shoot of a chosen, desired plant cultivar is grafted onto the stock of another type. In another common form called budding, a dormant side bud is grafted on the stem of another stock plant, and when it has fused successfully, it is encouraged to grow by cutting out the stem above the new bud.For successful grafting to take place, the vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be located in contact with each other. Both tissues must be kept alive till the graft has taken, typically a period of a few weeks. Successful grafting only requires that a vascular connection takes place between the two tissues. A physical weak point often still occurs at the graft, because the structural tissue of the two distinct plants, such as wood may not fuse.
Grafting is a method of plant propagation extensively used in horticulture, where the tissues of one plant are encouraged to fuse with those of another. It is most usually used for the propagation of trees and shrubs grown commercially. In most cases, one plant is chosen for its roots, and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is chosen for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion.In stem grafting, a common grafting method, a shoot of a chosen, desired plant cultivar is grafted onto the stock of another type. In another common form called budding, a dormant side bud is grafted on the stem of another stock plant, and when it has fused successfully, it is encouraged to grow by cutting out the stem above the new bud.For successful grafting to take place, the vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be located in contact with each other. Both tissues must be kept alive till the graft has taken, typically a period of a few weeks. Successful grafting only requires that a vascular connection takes place between the two tissues. A physical weak point often still occurs at the graft, because the structural tissue of the two distinct plants, such as wood may not fuse.
Tuesday, June 12, 2007
Water abstraction
Water abstraction, or water extraction, is the process of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently. Most water is used for irrigation or treatment to produce drinking water.Depending on the environmental legislation in the relevant country, controls may be located on abstraction to limit the amount of water that can be removed. Over abstraction can lead to rivers drying up or the level of groundwater aquifers reducing unacceptably.The science of hydrogeology is used to assess safe abstraction levels.
Water abstraction, or water extraction, is the process of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently. Most water is used for irrigation or treatment to produce drinking water.Depending on the environmental legislation in the relevant country, controls may be located on abstraction to limit the amount of water that can be removed. Over abstraction can lead to rivers drying up or the level of groundwater aquifers reducing unacceptably.The science of hydrogeology is used to assess safe abstraction levels.
Thursday, June 07, 2007
Batteries
Electronic watches require electricity as a power source. Some mechanical movements and hybrid electronic-mechanical actions also require electricity. Usually the electricity is provided by a replaceable battery. The first use of electrical power in watches was as replacement for the mainspring, in order to remove the need for winding. The first electrically-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by the Hamilton Watch Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Batteries for watches are specially designed for their purpose. They are very small and provide tiny amounts of power incessantly for very long periods. In most cases, replacing the battery requires a trip to a watch-repair shop or watch dealer; this is especially true for watches that are designed to be water-resistant, as special tools and procedures are required to ensure that the watch remains water-resistant after battery replacement. Silver-oxide and lithium batteries are popular today; mercury batteries, formerly quite common, are no longer used, for ecological reasons. Cheap batteries may be alkaline, of the same size as silver-oxide but providing shorter life.
Electronic watches require electricity as a power source. Some mechanical movements and hybrid electronic-mechanical actions also require electricity. Usually the electricity is provided by a replaceable battery. The first use of electrical power in watches was as replacement for the mainspring, in order to remove the need for winding. The first electrically-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by the Hamilton Watch Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Batteries for watches are specially designed for their purpose. They are very small and provide tiny amounts of power incessantly for very long periods. In most cases, replacing the battery requires a trip to a watch-repair shop or watch dealer; this is especially true for watches that are designed to be water-resistant, as special tools and procedures are required to ensure that the watch remains water-resistant after battery replacement. Silver-oxide and lithium batteries are popular today; mercury batteries, formerly quite common, are no longer used, for ecological reasons. Cheap batteries may be alkaline, of the same size as silver-oxide but providing shorter life.
Sunday, June 03, 2007
Titan Industries
Titan Industries is the world's sixth largest wrist watch manufacturer and India's leading producer of watches under the Titan and Sonata brand names. It is a joint business enterprise between India's most respected business organization - the Tata Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. Its product portfolio includes watches, clocks, accessories and jewelers, in both contemporary and traditional designs. It exports watches to about 32 countries around the world with manufacturing facilities in Hosur, Dehradun, Goa and manufactures precious jewelers under the Tanishq brand name, making it India's only national jewelers brand. It is an additional of the Tata Group.
Titan Industries is the world's sixth largest wrist watch manufacturer and India's leading producer of watches under the Titan and Sonata brand names. It is a joint business enterprise between India's most respected business organization - the Tata Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. Its product portfolio includes watches, clocks, accessories and jewelers, in both contemporary and traditional designs. It exports watches to about 32 countries around the world with manufacturing facilities in Hosur, Dehradun, Goa and manufactures precious jewelers under the Tanishq brand name, making it India's only national jewelers brand. It is an additional of the Tata Group.
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
American carrom
American carrom is an alternative on carrom derived in America by missionaries to the East, around 1890. Believing that the game required restructuring for Western tastes, a Sunday school teacher named Henry Haskell altered the game. Much of the game is the same, but the striker's weight is reduced and the carrom men are smaller. Generally, instead of disks of solid wood, ivory, or acrylic, carrom men are rings, originally of wood but today commercially made of light plastic. In addition, as an alternative to using the fingers to flick the striker,American carrom uses miniature cue sticks. American carrom boards also have pockets built into the corners, rather than circular holes in the board, to make pocketing easier. While traditionally made boards vary widely, current commercially-produced American carrom boards are 28 inches square, are printed with checkerboard and backgammon patterns, among others, and are sold with checkers, chess pieces, skittles, etc., to allow other games to be played on the same board. Often, these boards are also built to play crokinole.
American carrom is an alternative on carrom derived in America by missionaries to the East, around 1890. Believing that the game required restructuring for Western tastes, a Sunday school teacher named Henry Haskell altered the game. Much of the game is the same, but the striker's weight is reduced and the carrom men are smaller. Generally, instead of disks of solid wood, ivory, or acrylic, carrom men are rings, originally of wood but today commercially made of light plastic. In addition, as an alternative to using the fingers to flick the striker,American carrom uses miniature cue sticks. American carrom boards also have pockets built into the corners, rather than circular holes in the board, to make pocketing easier. While traditionally made boards vary widely, current commercially-produced American carrom boards are 28 inches square, are printed with checkerboard and backgammon patterns, among others, and are sold with checkers, chess pieces, skittles, etc., to allow other games to be played on the same board. Often, these boards are also built to play crokinole.
Monday, May 21, 2007
Joystick
A joystick is a personal computer tangential or general control device consisting of a handheld stick that pivots about one end and transmits its angle in two or three dimensions to a computer. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and generally have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. The term joystick has become a synonym for game controllers that can be connected to the computer since the computer defines the input as a "joystick input”. Apart for controlling games; joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as elevators, cranes, trucks, powered wheelchairs and some zero turning radius lawn mowers. More lately miniture joysticks have been adopted as navigational devices for smaller electronic apparatus such as mobile phones.
A joystick is a personal computer tangential or general control device consisting of a handheld stick that pivots about one end and transmits its angle in two or three dimensions to a computer. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and generally have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. The term joystick has become a synonym for game controllers that can be connected to the computer since the computer defines the input as a "joystick input”. Apart for controlling games; joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as elevators, cranes, trucks, powered wheelchairs and some zero turning radius lawn mowers. More lately miniture joysticks have been adopted as navigational devices for smaller electronic apparatus such as mobile phones.
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
Metal
In chemistry, a metal is a constituent that readily loses electrons to form positive ions and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. Metals form ionic bonds with non-metals. They are sometimes described as a web of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as eminent by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals.
A modern definition of metals is that they have overlapping conveyance bands and valence bands in their electronic structure. This definition opens up the category for metallic polymers and other organic metals, which have been prepared by researchers and employed in high-tech devices. These synthetic materials often have the characteristic silvery-grey reflective ness of elemental metals.
In chemistry, a metal is a constituent that readily loses electrons to form positive ions and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. Metals form ionic bonds with non-metals. They are sometimes described as a web of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as eminent by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals.
A modern definition of metals is that they have overlapping conveyance bands and valence bands in their electronic structure. This definition opens up the category for metallic polymers and other organic metals, which have been prepared by researchers and employed in high-tech devices. These synthetic materials often have the characteristic silvery-grey reflective ness of elemental metals.
Wednesday, May 09, 2007
Hard Disk
A hard disk is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally programmed data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device that drives (removable) media, such as a tape drive or (floppy) disk drive, although a hard disk contains fixed (non-removable) media. Recently the hard disk has become more commonly known as the "hard drive".
Hard disks were initially developed for use with computers. In the 21st century, applications for hard disks have extended beyond computers to consist of digital video recorders, digital audio players, personal digital assistants, digital cameras, and video game consoles. In 2005 the first mobile phones to contain hard disks were introduced by Samsung Group and Nokia. The need for large-scale, reliable storage, independent of a particular device, led to the beginning of configurations such as RAID, hardware such as network attached storage (NAS) devices, and systems such as storage area networks (SANs) for efficient access to large volumes of data.
A hard disk is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally programmed data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device that drives (removable) media, such as a tape drive or (floppy) disk drive, although a hard disk contains fixed (non-removable) media. Recently the hard disk has become more commonly known as the "hard drive".
Hard disks were initially developed for use with computers. In the 21st century, applications for hard disks have extended beyond computers to consist of digital video recorders, digital audio players, personal digital assistants, digital cameras, and video game consoles. In 2005 the first mobile phones to contain hard disks were introduced by Samsung Group and Nokia. The need for large-scale, reliable storage, independent of a particular device, led to the beginning of configurations such as RAID, hardware such as network attached storage (NAS) devices, and systems such as storage area networks (SANs) for efficient access to large volumes of data.
Thursday, May 03, 2007
History of Personal computer
An near the beginning use of the term appeared in a November 3, 1962, New York Times
article exposure John W. Mauchly's vision of expectations computing spoken to a conference of the American Institute of Industrial Engineers that previous day. Mauchly told the gathering, "There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer."
The initial computers that can be called 'personal' were the first Non -main frame computers, the LINC and the PDP-8. By today's standards they were big, expensive, and had small magnetic core memories.
However, they were small and cheap for individual laboratories and research projects to use, freeing them from the consignment dispensation and establishment of the typical industrial or university computing center. In addition, they were reasonably interactive and soon had their own operating systems. Finally, this category became known as the mini-computer, usually with time-sharing and program development facilities. Ultimately, the mini-computer grew up to encompass the VAX and larger mini-computers from Data General, Prime, and others.
Deployment of mini-computer systems was a replica for how personal computers would be used, but few of the mini-computer makers managed to profit from it.
An near the beginning use of the term appeared in a November 3, 1962, New York Times
article exposure John W. Mauchly's vision of expectations computing spoken to a conference of the American Institute of Industrial Engineers that previous day. Mauchly told the gathering, "There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer."
The initial computers that can be called 'personal' were the first Non -main frame computers, the LINC and the PDP-8. By today's standards they were big, expensive, and had small magnetic core memories.
However, they were small and cheap for individual laboratories and research projects to use, freeing them from the consignment dispensation and establishment of the typical industrial or university computing center. In addition, they were reasonably interactive and soon had their own operating systems. Finally, this category became known as the mini-computer, usually with time-sharing and program development facilities. Ultimately, the mini-computer grew up to encompass the VAX and larger mini-computers from Data General, Prime, and others.
Deployment of mini-computer systems was a replica for how personal computers would be used, but few of the mini-computer makers managed to profit from it.
Sunday, April 29, 2007
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a pasture of applied science and technology covering a wide range of topics. The main unifying premise is the control of matter on a scale smaller than 1 micrometer, normally between 1-100 nanometers, as well as the manufacture of devices on this same length scale. It is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing from fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and supramolecular chemistry. Much hypothesis exists as to what new science and technology might result from these lines of research. Some view nanotechnology as a marketing term that describes pre-existing lines of research applied to the sub-micron size scale.
In spite of the apparent ease of this definition, nanotechnology actually encompasses diverse lines of inquiry. Nanotechnology cuts across many disciplines, together with colloidal science, chemistry, applied physics, materials science, and even mechanical and electrical engineering. It could variously be seen as an extension of existing sciences into the nanoscale, or as a recasting of existing sciences using a newer, more recent term. Two major approaches are used in nanotechnology: one is a "bottom-up" approach where materials and devices are built from molecular components which gather themselves chemically using principles of molecular gratitude; the other being a "top-down" approach where nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control.
Nanotechnology is a pasture of applied science and technology covering a wide range of topics. The main unifying premise is the control of matter on a scale smaller than 1 micrometer, normally between 1-100 nanometers, as well as the manufacture of devices on this same length scale. It is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing from fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and supramolecular chemistry. Much hypothesis exists as to what new science and technology might result from these lines of research. Some view nanotechnology as a marketing term that describes pre-existing lines of research applied to the sub-micron size scale.
In spite of the apparent ease of this definition, nanotechnology actually encompasses diverse lines of inquiry. Nanotechnology cuts across many disciplines, together with colloidal science, chemistry, applied physics, materials science, and even mechanical and electrical engineering. It could variously be seen as an extension of existing sciences into the nanoscale, or as a recasting of existing sciences using a newer, more recent term. Two major approaches are used in nanotechnology: one is a "bottom-up" approach where materials and devices are built from molecular components which gather themselves chemically using principles of molecular gratitude; the other being a "top-down" approach where nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control.
Monday, April 23, 2007
Water
Water is a tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless substance in its pure form that is essential to all known forms of life and is known also as the most worldwide solvent. Water is a plentiful essence on Earth. It exists in many places and forms: mostly in the oceans and polar ice caps, but also as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and
sea ice. On the planet, water is always moving through the cycle linking vanishing, rainfall, and runoff to the sea.
Water that humans consume is called potable water. This natural resource is becoming scarcer in certain places as human population in those places increases, and its availability is a major social and economic concern.
A surprising substance
Changing appearances
Drinking water for more details on this topic, see Category: Forms of water.
Water takes many different shapes on earth: water vapor and clouds in the sky, waves and icebergs in the sea, glaciers in the mountain, aquifers in the ground, to name but a few. Through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, water is constantly flowing from one form to another, in what is called the water cycle.
Because of the value of precipitation to agriculture, and to mankind in general, we give different names to its various forms: while rain is common in most countries, other phenomena are quite surprising when seen for the first time: hail, snow, fog or dew for example. When properly lit, water drops in the air can refract sunlight to create rainbows.
Similarly, water runoffs have played main roles in human history: rivers and irrigation brought the water needed for agriculture. Rivers and the seas offered prospect for travel and commerce. Through erosion, runoffs played a major part in shaping our environment provided that river valleys and deltas which provide rich soil and level ground for the enterprise of population centers.
Water also infiltrates the ground and goes into aquifers. This groundwater later flows back to the surface in springs or more outstandingly in hot springs and geysers. Groundwater is also extracted unnaturally in wells.
Water is a tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless substance in its pure form that is essential to all known forms of life and is known also as the most worldwide solvent. Water is a plentiful essence on Earth. It exists in many places and forms: mostly in the oceans and polar ice caps, but also as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and
sea ice. On the planet, water is always moving through the cycle linking vanishing, rainfall, and runoff to the sea.
Water that humans consume is called potable water. This natural resource is becoming scarcer in certain places as human population in those places increases, and its availability is a major social and economic concern.
A surprising substance
Changing appearances
Drinking water for more details on this topic, see Category: Forms of water.
Water takes many different shapes on earth: water vapor and clouds in the sky, waves and icebergs in the sea, glaciers in the mountain, aquifers in the ground, to name but a few. Through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, water is constantly flowing from one form to another, in what is called the water cycle.
Because of the value of precipitation to agriculture, and to mankind in general, we give different names to its various forms: while rain is common in most countries, other phenomena are quite surprising when seen for the first time: hail, snow, fog or dew for example. When properly lit, water drops in the air can refract sunlight to create rainbows.
Similarly, water runoffs have played main roles in human history: rivers and irrigation brought the water needed for agriculture. Rivers and the seas offered prospect for travel and commerce. Through erosion, runoffs played a major part in shaping our environment provided that river valleys and deltas which provide rich soil and level ground for the enterprise of population centers.
Water also infiltrates the ground and goes into aquifers. This groundwater later flows back to the surface in springs or more outstandingly in hot springs and geysers. Groundwater is also extracted unnaturally in wells.
Thursday, April 19, 2007
Transistor radio
The transistor radio is a small radio receiver.RCA demonstrated a prototype transistor radio in 1952. The first commercial transistor radio, the Regency TR-1, was announced on October 18, 1954 by the Regency Division of Industrial Development Engineering Associates of Indianapolis, Indiana and put on sale in November of 1954. It cost $49.95 (the equivalent of $361 in year-2005 dollars) and sold approximately 100,000 units.The use of transistors in its place of vacuum tubes as the amplifier elements meant that the device was much smaller and necessary far less power to operate than a tubed radio. The characteristic portable radio of the fifties was about the size and weight of a small laptop computer, and contained several heavy batteries: one or more A batteries to heat the tube filaments and a large 45 to 90 volt B battery for plate voltage. By comparison, the "transistor" was about the size and weight of today's cassette-playing Walkman and operated off a single compact 9 V battery. The now-familiar 9 V battery was introduced particularly for powering transistor radios.
The transistor radio is a small radio receiver.RCA demonstrated a prototype transistor radio in 1952. The first commercial transistor radio, the Regency TR-1, was announced on October 18, 1954 by the Regency Division of Industrial Development Engineering Associates of Indianapolis, Indiana and put on sale in November of 1954. It cost $49.95 (the equivalent of $361 in year-2005 dollars) and sold approximately 100,000 units.The use of transistors in its place of vacuum tubes as the amplifier elements meant that the device was much smaller and necessary far less power to operate than a tubed radio. The characteristic portable radio of the fifties was about the size and weight of a small laptop computer, and contained several heavy batteries: one or more A batteries to heat the tube filaments and a large 45 to 90 volt B battery for plate voltage. By comparison, the "transistor" was about the size and weight of today's cassette-playing Walkman and operated off a single compact 9 V battery. The now-familiar 9 V battery was introduced particularly for powering transistor radios.
Tuesday, April 10, 2007
Postal Marking
Less ordinary types include forwarding addresses, routing annotations, warnings, postage due notices and explanations, such as for damaged or delayed mail. A key part of postal history is the recognition of postal markings, their purpose, and period of use.
Service marks give information to the sender, recipient, or another post office. Advice marks notify about forwarding, misspending, and letters received in bad condition, letters received too late for delivery by a certain time, or the reason for a delay in mail delivery. Dead letter offices would use various markings to keep track of their progress in finding the addressee, such as a document that the letter had been advertised in the local newspaper. The tracking procedure for registered mail may entail multiple marks and notations.
Auxiliary marks are functional by an organization other than the postal administration. For instance, 19th century mail delivery often relied on a mix of private ships, steamboats, stagecoaches, railroads, and other transportation organizations to transfer mail. Many of these organizations applied their own markings to each item, occasionally saying simply "STEAMSHIP" or some such, while others had elaborate designs. Similar direction-finding notations were also used in the early days of airmail.
The traditional way to be valid a postal marking is with the use of a rubber or metal hand stamp; handwritten notations are sometimes seen for unusual situations or in very small post offices. In the United States, modern postal markings may appear in the form of yellow paste labels with the text printed on them. Many postal administrations now have the ability to print inkjet observations directly onto a cover, either as a barcode for reading by other equipment, or as text.
Less ordinary types include forwarding addresses, routing annotations, warnings, postage due notices and explanations, such as for damaged or delayed mail. A key part of postal history is the recognition of postal markings, their purpose, and period of use.
Service marks give information to the sender, recipient, or another post office. Advice marks notify about forwarding, misspending, and letters received in bad condition, letters received too late for delivery by a certain time, or the reason for a delay in mail delivery. Dead letter offices would use various markings to keep track of their progress in finding the addressee, such as a document that the letter had been advertised in the local newspaper. The tracking procedure for registered mail may entail multiple marks and notations.
Auxiliary marks are functional by an organization other than the postal administration. For instance, 19th century mail delivery often relied on a mix of private ships, steamboats, stagecoaches, railroads, and other transportation organizations to transfer mail. Many of these organizations applied their own markings to each item, occasionally saying simply "STEAMSHIP" or some such, while others had elaborate designs. Similar direction-finding notations were also used in the early days of airmail.
The traditional way to be valid a postal marking is with the use of a rubber or metal hand stamp; handwritten notations are sometimes seen for unusual situations or in very small post offices. In the United States, modern postal markings may appear in the form of yellow paste labels with the text printed on them. Many postal administrations now have the ability to print inkjet observations directly onto a cover, either as a barcode for reading by other equipment, or as text.
Friday, April 06, 2007
Goshawk
The Goshawk is an average large bird of quarry in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.
It is an extensive species all through the moderate parts of the northern hemisphere. In North America it is named as the Northern Goshawk. It is typically inhabitant, but birds from colder regions of north Asia and Canada journey south for the winter.
Goshawk in flight this species nests in trees, building a new nest each year. It hunts birds and mammals in woodland, relying on revelation as it flies from a perch or hedge-hops to catch its quarry ignorant. Animals as large as hares and Pheasant are taken. Its call is a ferocious screech. Many older goshawks reject to attack hares, if it was earlier seriously kicked by a hare which it tried to catch.
This bird is a raptor with short large wings and a long tail, both adaptations to maneuvering through trees. The male is blue-grey above and banned grey below, 49-56 cm long with a 93-105 cm wingspan. The much larger female is 58-64 cm long with a 108-127 cm wingspan, slate grey above grey below. The youthful is brown above and barred brown below. The flight is a characteristic "slow flap – slow flap – straight glide".
In Eurasia, the male is confusable with a female Sparrow hawk, but is superior, much bulkier and has moderately longer wings. In spring, he has an impressive roller-coaster display, and this is the best time to see this enigmatic forest bird
The Goshawk is an average large bird of quarry in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.
It is an extensive species all through the moderate parts of the northern hemisphere. In North America it is named as the Northern Goshawk. It is typically inhabitant, but birds from colder regions of north Asia and Canada journey south for the winter.
Goshawk in flight this species nests in trees, building a new nest each year. It hunts birds and mammals in woodland, relying on revelation as it flies from a perch or hedge-hops to catch its quarry ignorant. Animals as large as hares and Pheasant are taken. Its call is a ferocious screech. Many older goshawks reject to attack hares, if it was earlier seriously kicked by a hare which it tried to catch.
This bird is a raptor with short large wings and a long tail, both adaptations to maneuvering through trees. The male is blue-grey above and banned grey below, 49-56 cm long with a 93-105 cm wingspan. The much larger female is 58-64 cm long with a 108-127 cm wingspan, slate grey above grey below. The youthful is brown above and barred brown below. The flight is a characteristic "slow flap – slow flap – straight glide".
In Eurasia, the male is confusable with a female Sparrow hawk, but is superior, much bulkier and has moderately longer wings. In spring, he has an impressive roller-coaster display, and this is the best time to see this enigmatic forest bird
Monday, April 02, 2007
Lens
A lens is a device for either concentrating or diverging light, normally formed from a piece of shaped glass. Analogous devices used with other types of electromagnetic radiation are also called lenses: for instance, a microwave lens can be made from paraffin wax.The earliest records of lenses date to Ancient Greece, with Aristophanes' play The Clouds (424 BC) mentioning a burning-glass (a convex lens used to focus the sun's rays to produce fire). The writings of Pliny the Elder also show that burning-glasses were recognized to the Roman Empire, and mentions what is possibly the first use of a corrective lens: Nero was known to watch the gladiatorial games throughout a concave-shaped emerald (presumably to correct for myopia). Seneca the Younger (3 BC--65) described the magnifying effect of a glass globe filled with water.Widespread use of lenses did not happen until the invention of spectacles, probably in Italy in the 1280s.
A lens is a device for either concentrating or diverging light, normally formed from a piece of shaped glass. Analogous devices used with other types of electromagnetic radiation are also called lenses: for instance, a microwave lens can be made from paraffin wax.The earliest records of lenses date to Ancient Greece, with Aristophanes' play The Clouds (424 BC) mentioning a burning-glass (a convex lens used to focus the sun's rays to produce fire). The writings of Pliny the Elder also show that burning-glasses were recognized to the Roman Empire, and mentions what is possibly the first use of a corrective lens: Nero was known to watch the gladiatorial games throughout a concave-shaped emerald (presumably to correct for myopia). Seneca the Younger (3 BC--65) described the magnifying effect of a glass globe filled with water.Widespread use of lenses did not happen until the invention of spectacles, probably in Italy in the 1280s.
Thursday, March 29, 2007
Video Camera
A professional video camera (often called a "television camera"
even though the use has extend) is a high-end tool for video
recording electronic moving images (as opposed to a film camera,
that records the images on film). Formerly developed for use in
television studios, they are now normally used for corporate and
educational videos, music videos, direct-to-video movies, etc.
Not as much of advanced video cameras used by customers are
often referred to as camcorders.
There are two kind of professional video cameras: High end
portable, video recording cameras (which are, confusingly,
called camcorders too) used for ENG image gaining, and studio
cameras which lack the recording capability of a camcorder, and
are often fixed on studio pedestals.
Professional video cameras confine and transfer two dimensional
images serially, at specified capture rates, usually in the
visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Most studio cameras situate on the floor, usually with pneumatic
or hydraulic mechanisms to regulate the height, and are usually
on wheels
A professional video camera (often called a "television camera"
even though the use has extend) is a high-end tool for video
recording electronic moving images (as opposed to a film camera,
that records the images on film). Formerly developed for use in
television studios, they are now normally used for corporate and
educational videos, music videos, direct-to-video movies, etc.
Not as much of advanced video cameras used by customers are
often referred to as camcorders.
There are two kind of professional video cameras: High end
portable, video recording cameras (which are, confusingly,
called camcorders too) used for ENG image gaining, and studio
cameras which lack the recording capability of a camcorder, and
are often fixed on studio pedestals.
Professional video cameras confine and transfer two dimensional
images serially, at specified capture rates, usually in the
visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Most studio cameras situate on the floor, usually with pneumatic
or hydraulic mechanisms to regulate the height, and are usually
on wheels
Friday, March 23, 2007
Telephone
The telephone or phone (Greek: tele = far away and phone = voice) is a telecommunications device to transmits and receives sound (most commonly voice and speech) through great distances. Most telephones function by means of electric signals over a complex public switched telephone network of equipment which allows almost any phone user to speak to almost any other.
Until relatively recently the word telephone could generally be assumed to refer to a landline phone. Now, cordless telephones and cell phones have become sufficiently common that no such presumption can be made. There are four principal means by which telephone signals are transmitted: throughout a traditional landline which uses physical dedicated wire connections; wireless or Radiotelephony, which transmits messages using either analog or digital radio signals; satellite telephones which bounce signals off of telecommunications satelites; and voice over internet protocol (VOIP) telephones, which use broadband internet cables.
The electric telephone is recognized to various inventors. The actual history is a subject of complex dispute. Among others Antonio Meucci, Philip Reis, and Alexander Graham Bell are all credited with inventing.
The telephone or phone (Greek: tele = far away and phone = voice) is a telecommunications device to transmits and receives sound (most commonly voice and speech) through great distances. Most telephones function by means of electric signals over a complex public switched telephone network of equipment which allows almost any phone user to speak to almost any other.
Until relatively recently the word telephone could generally be assumed to refer to a landline phone. Now, cordless telephones and cell phones have become sufficiently common that no such presumption can be made. There are four principal means by which telephone signals are transmitted: throughout a traditional landline which uses physical dedicated wire connections; wireless or Radiotelephony, which transmits messages using either analog or digital radio signals; satellite telephones which bounce signals off of telecommunications satelites; and voice over internet protocol (VOIP) telephones, which use broadband internet cables.
The electric telephone is recognized to various inventors. The actual history is a subject of complex dispute. Among others Antonio Meucci, Philip Reis, and Alexander Graham Bell are all credited with inventing.
Monday, March 19, 2007
Film
Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The source of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the main medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures, the silver screen, photoplays, picture shows, flicks — and most commonly movies. Academics and the English-speaking international society prefer to use film or "cinema", due to the colloquial nature of these other terms.
Films are created by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or special effects. They include a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown quickly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Perhaps of more relevance is what causes the perception of motion — a psychological effect known as beta movement.
Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The source of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the main medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures, the silver screen, photoplays, picture shows, flicks — and most commonly movies. Academics and the English-speaking international society prefer to use film or "cinema", due to the colloquial nature of these other terms.
Films are created by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or special effects. They include a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown quickly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Perhaps of more relevance is what causes the perception of motion — a psychological effect known as beta movement.
Tuesday, March 13, 2007
Beauty
Beauty in nature is a general theme in modern life and in art, and books emphasizing beauty in nature fill large sections of libraries and bookstores. That nature has been depicted and famous by so much art, photography, poetry and other literature shows the strength with which many people associate nature and beauty. Why this association exists, and what the association consists of, is studied by the branch of philosophy called aesthetics. Beyond certain basic characteristics that many philosophers agree about to explain what is seen as beautiful, the opinions are almost endless.Many scientists, who study nature in more specific and organized ways, also share the conviction that nature is beautiful; the French mathematician, Jules Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) said:
The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful.
If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth meaningful, life would not be worth living. Of course I do not here speak of that beauty which strikes the senses, the beauty of character and of appearance; not that I undervalue such beauty, far from it, but it has not anything to do with science; I mean that profounder beauty which comes from the harmonious order of the parts and which a pure intelligence can grasp.
A general classical idea of beautiful art involves the word mimesis, the imitation of nature. Also in the realm of ideas about beauty in nature is that the perfect is indirect through symmetry, equal division, and other perfect mathematical forms and notions.
Beauty in nature is a general theme in modern life and in art, and books emphasizing beauty in nature fill large sections of libraries and bookstores. That nature has been depicted and famous by so much art, photography, poetry and other literature shows the strength with which many people associate nature and beauty. Why this association exists, and what the association consists of, is studied by the branch of philosophy called aesthetics. Beyond certain basic characteristics that many philosophers agree about to explain what is seen as beautiful, the opinions are almost endless.Many scientists, who study nature in more specific and organized ways, also share the conviction that nature is beautiful; the French mathematician, Jules Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) said:
The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful.
If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth meaningful, life would not be worth living. Of course I do not here speak of that beauty which strikes the senses, the beauty of character and of appearance; not that I undervalue such beauty, far from it, but it has not anything to do with science; I mean that profounder beauty which comes from the harmonious order of the parts and which a pure intelligence can grasp.
A general classical idea of beautiful art involves the word mimesis, the imitation of nature. Also in the realm of ideas about beauty in nature is that the perfect is indirect through symmetry, equal division, and other perfect mathematical forms and notions.
Thursday, March 08, 2007
Mirror
A mirror is an object whose surface has good specular reflection; that is, it is smooth sufficient to form an image. The most common type of mirror is the plane mirror, which has a flat surface. Curved mirrors are also used, to produce magnified or demagnified images or focus light.
The most common use of mirrors is for personal hygiene. However, mirrors are also used in scientific apparatus such as telescopes and lasers, as well as industrial machinery. Most mirrors are designed for visible light, however, mirrors intended for other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are also used, particularly in optical instruments.
A mirror is an object whose surface has good specular reflection; that is, it is smooth sufficient to form an image. The most common type of mirror is the plane mirror, which has a flat surface. Curved mirrors are also used, to produce magnified or demagnified images or focus light.
The most common use of mirrors is for personal hygiene. However, mirrors are also used in scientific apparatus such as telescopes and lasers, as well as industrial machinery. Most mirrors are designed for visible light, however, mirrors intended for other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are also used, particularly in optical instruments.
Sunday, March 04, 2007
The Leaning Tower of Pisa
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply The Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or self-supporting bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and it is the third structure in Pisa's Campo dei Miracoli (field of Miracles).
Although planned to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has permitted the foundation to shift.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the lowest side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the highest side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes. The tower has 294 steps.
The Tower of Pisa was a work of art, performed in three stages over a period of about 174 years. Construction of the first floor of the white marble campanile began on August 9, 1173, a period of military success and prosperity. This first floor is enclosed by pillars with classical capitals, leaning against blind arches. Today, it is still unscarred from centuries of weather and age.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply The Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or self-supporting bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and it is the third structure in Pisa's Campo dei Miracoli (field of Miracles).
Although planned to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has permitted the foundation to shift.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the lowest side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the highest side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes. The tower has 294 steps.
The Tower of Pisa was a work of art, performed in three stages over a period of about 174 years. Construction of the first floor of the white marble campanile began on August 9, 1173, a period of military success and prosperity. This first floor is enclosed by pillars with classical capitals, leaning against blind arches. Today, it is still unscarred from centuries of weather and age.
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Gemstone
A gemstone is prized particularly for great beauty or perfection so appearance is almost always the most significant attribute of gemstones. Characteristics that make a stone beautiful or attractive are colour, unusual optical phenomena within the stone, an exciting inclusion such as a fossil, rarity, and sometimes the form of the natural crystal. Diamond is prized very much as a gemstone since it is the hardest naturally occurring substance known and is able to reflect light with fire and sparkle when faceted. However, diamonds are far from rare with millions of carats mined each year.
Traditionally, general gemstones were classified into precious stones (cardinal gems) and semi-precious stones. The former class was largely determined by a history of ecclesiastical, devotional or ceremonial use and rarity. Only five types of gemstones were considered precious: diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, and amethyst. In current usage by gemologists, all gems are considered precious, although four of the five original "cardinal gems" (excluding the now-common amethyst) are typically—but not always—the most valuable.
Rare or unusual gemstones, usually meant to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are only just known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite, axinite, cassiterite, clinohumite and iolite.
A gemstone is prized particularly for great beauty or perfection so appearance is almost always the most significant attribute of gemstones. Characteristics that make a stone beautiful or attractive are colour, unusual optical phenomena within the stone, an exciting inclusion such as a fossil, rarity, and sometimes the form of the natural crystal. Diamond is prized very much as a gemstone since it is the hardest naturally occurring substance known and is able to reflect light with fire and sparkle when faceted. However, diamonds are far from rare with millions of carats mined each year.
Traditionally, general gemstones were classified into precious stones (cardinal gems) and semi-precious stones. The former class was largely determined by a history of ecclesiastical, devotional or ceremonial use and rarity. Only five types of gemstones were considered precious: diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, and amethyst. In current usage by gemologists, all gems are considered precious, although four of the five original "cardinal gems" (excluding the now-common amethyst) are typically—but not always—the most valuable.
Rare or unusual gemstones, usually meant to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are only just known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite, axinite, cassiterite, clinohumite and iolite.
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Manhattan
Manhattan refers to both the Island of Manhattan and encompasses most of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the five boroughs of New York City. The viable, financial, and cultural center of the city, Manhattan has many famous landmarks, tourist attractions, museums and universities. It is also home to the control center of the United Nations and the seat of city government.The borough of Manhattan is coterminous with New York County, which is also the most densely populated county in the United States. Postal addresses within the borough are typically chosen as "New York, NY."Manhattan has the biggest central business district in the
United States and is the site of most of the city's corporate headquarters and the New York Stock Exchange. Although its population is third biggest of the five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and it is geographically the smallest, Manhattan is the borough that many visitors most personally associate with New York City.
Manhattan refers to both the Island of Manhattan and encompasses most of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the five boroughs of New York City. The viable, financial, and cultural center of the city, Manhattan has many famous landmarks, tourist attractions, museums and universities. It is also home to the control center of the United Nations and the seat of city government.The borough of Manhattan is coterminous with New York County, which is also the most densely populated county in the United States. Postal addresses within the borough are typically chosen as "New York, NY."Manhattan has the biggest central business district in the
United States and is the site of most of the city's corporate headquarters and the New York Stock Exchange. Although its population is third biggest of the five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and it is geographically the smallest, Manhattan is the borough that many visitors most personally associate with New York City.
Sunday, February 18, 2007
Soul
In Hinduism, the Sanskrit words most strongly corresponding to soul are "Jiva", meaning the individual soul or qualities, and "Atman", which can also mean spirit or even God. The Atman is seen as the section of Brahman within us. Hinduism contains many variant beliefs on the source, purpose, and fate of the soul. For example, advaita or non-dualistic conception of the soul accords it union with Brahman, the complete uncreated (roughly, the Godhead), in eventuality or in pre-existing fact. Dvaita or dualistic concepts reject this, instead identifying the soul as a different and incompatible substance.
The Bhagavad Gita, one of the most major puranic scriptures, refers to the religious body or soul as Purusha (see also Sankhya philosophy). The Purusha is division and parcel of God, is unchanging (is never born and never dies), is indestructible, and, though basically indivisible, can be described as having three characteristics:
(i) Sat (reality or existence)
(ii) Chit (realization or knowledge)
(iii) Ananda (delight)
In Hinduism, the Sanskrit words most strongly corresponding to soul are "Jiva", meaning the individual soul or qualities, and "Atman", which can also mean spirit or even God. The Atman is seen as the section of Brahman within us. Hinduism contains many variant beliefs on the source, purpose, and fate of the soul. For example, advaita or non-dualistic conception of the soul accords it union with Brahman, the complete uncreated (roughly, the Godhead), in eventuality or in pre-existing fact. Dvaita or dualistic concepts reject this, instead identifying the soul as a different and incompatible substance.
The Bhagavad Gita, one of the most major puranic scriptures, refers to the religious body or soul as Purusha (see also Sankhya philosophy). The Purusha is division and parcel of God, is unchanging (is never born and never dies), is indestructible, and, though basically indivisible, can be described as having three characteristics:
(i) Sat (reality or existence)
(ii) Chit (realization or knowledge)
(iii) Ananda (delight)
Friday, February 09, 2007
Infrared
Infrared (IR) emission is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of noticeable light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the color of detectable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths between about 750 nm and 1 mm.
These divisions are suitable by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are gradually further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (The common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while Inga As sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.
The boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less responsive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer frequencies make irrelevant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. But particularly strong light (e.g., from lasers, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels [1]) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be apparent as red light. The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at different values typically between 700 nm and 780 nm.
Infrared (IR) emission is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of noticeable light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the color of detectable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths between about 750 nm and 1 mm.
These divisions are suitable by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are gradually further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (The common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while Inga As sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.
The boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less responsive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer frequencies make irrelevant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. But particularly strong light (e.g., from lasers, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels [1]) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be apparent as red light. The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at different values typically between 700 nm and 780 nm.
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